Psychoactive Substance Use: Risks and Protective Strengths from a Participatory Community-Based Social Diagnosis

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a participatory social diagnosis conducted in a peripheral neighborhood of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, during the first half of 2025. The main objective was to identify the existence and level of risk associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances among adolescents and young people, as well as to recognize the principal problems, needs, and strengths present within the community. The purpose of the study was to generate diagnostic information that contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon and serves as an input for the planning of community-based preventive actions aimed at substance use prevention. For its implementation, the methodological guidelines proposed by Ferrer et al. (2017) were adopted, through the application of 80 surveys, interviews, and direct observation. The results reveal a significant prevalence of psychoactive substance use among young people (53.6%), confirming a real and sustained level of risk. Among the most relevant perceived needs, insecurity, health problems, deficiencies in basic services, and unemployment were identified, indicators that point to a socially vulnerable environment with limited opportunities for development. Regarding the substances reported, marijuana ranked first (61.3%), followed by methamphetamine (crystal) (22.5%), solvents (11.2%), and alcohol (5%). Additionally, risk factors such as abandoned housing, perceptions of insecurity, and substance use in public spaces were identified. Notably, the active participation of women (71.3%) in community life stands out, positioning them as key agents in prevention efforts and in strengthening social cohesion in the face of substance use issues.